عاشورا نویسی کے جدید رجحانات اور اس کے عوامل
Modern Trends in Historiography of Ashura and its Causes
Abstract
The event of Karbala has always been of interest to historians. In the last century, there have been significant changes in Historiography of Ashura. But, the period from 1960 to 2010 can be considered an important one in terms of both quantity and quality. Instead of taking the narrative aspect of the historiography of Ashura, this period ushered in a research-based and analytical approach. Drawing on this approach, both Shia and Sunni scholars produced many works in this era in the subcontinent, Egypt, Lebanon, Iraq, and especially in Iran, where many research-based books were written. This article presents an introduction of the historiography of Ashura over the 50 years, spanning from 1960 to 2010.
References
Aqād, Abbas Mahmood, Abu al-Shuhada (Qom: Majma Taqreeb-e Mazahib, 2004), Muqadma Kitab.
A Group of Writers, Imam Hussein dar Aieney-e Qalam (Tehran: Parsa Institute, 1396AD), 10.
Sharaf al-Din, Musawi, Moa’jam Kutub wa Mualifīn-e Hayat wa Qayam-e Imam Hussain a.s (Karachi: dar-us-Saqafa, 2001), 10-20.
Haider Bakhsh, Haidari, Gul-e-Maghfirat (Lahore: Majlis-e-Taraqi-e-Adab, 1965), 13.
Ibn-e-Tau’s, Ali b. Musa, Al-Lahūf Ala Qatlil al-Tafūf, annotated Fars Tabrez (Qum: Dar-ul-Uswa 1414 AH), 87.
Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad, Ibn Khaldun, Moqaama-e Ibn Khaldun, vol. 1 (Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Almiya, 1413AH), 212.
Abbassi Mahmood Ahmed, Khilafat-e Muawiyya waYazīd, (Karachi: Maqtaba-e-Mahmoodiya, 1962.), 47.
Ja’faryān, Rasūl, Ta’amulli dar Nehza-et Ashura, vol. 2 (Qom: Nashr-e-muariskh, 1386AD), 349.
Abu Jalīl Razi, Qazvini, Al-Naqdh (Qom: Dar Al-Hadith, 1385AD), 385-389.
Hasan Zulfiqari, Reviewer of the book of Raudha al-Shuhada (Tehran: Moeen Publishers, 1390AD), 37, 58.
Abdullah Sāeidi، Shirazi, Hadīqa al-Salatīn, ReviewerAli Asghar Bilgarami, (Hyderabad: Islamic Publications Society, sn), 52.
Fazal Ali Fazli, Karbal Katha (Patna: Urdu Research Institute, 1965), 17.
Haidri, Gul-e-maghfirat, 9.
Fakhr al-Din, Tarhihi, Al-Muntakhab (Berut: Moassasa Alalami, 2003), 4.
Razi b. Nabi, Qazvini, Tazlam al-Zahra (Qom: Publishing Sharif Razi, 1375AD), 7.
Mahmood Taqi Zadeh, Dawoodi, Sunnat-e-Azadari Wa Manqabat Khwani Dar Tarīkh-e Shia-e Imamiye (Qum: Muasisah-e-Shia-Shanasi, 1385AD), 147.
Muhammad Isfandyari, Kitāb Shanasi-e Taarīkhi Imam Hussain(AS), 2nd ed. (Tehran: Wiarat-e-Irshad, 1391), np ;Rafa-i-Abdul Jabar, Moajam Ma Qataba Annirrasul waAhl-e-Bait, vol. 7,8, wa Zimah (Tehran: Wizarat-e-Farhang Wa Irshad, 1371AD), np; Muhammad Jawad, Sahibi, Sair-e-Tahawul-e-Maqtal Nigari, Tehran: Mujalla e farhang-o-Indeeshe, vol. 17, 1386AD, 180.
DarBandi Fazil, Isrār al-Shahadāt, vol.1 (Bahrain: Shirkat-ul-Mustafa, 1994), 659to675.
Muhaddith Noori, Lulu wa Marjān (Qom: Religious Publications, 1388AD), 180-1998.
Ibid. 35.
Farhad Mirza, Mo’tamed Al-Dawla, Qamqam Al-Zakhar Wa Samsam Al-Batar (Tehran: Farang Islami, 1990), 5.
Muhammad Sehati, Sardrūdi, Ashura Pajuhishi ba Royekared Bey Tahrīf Shanasiye Tarīkh-e-Imam Hussain (AS) (Qom: (Qom: Khadim Al-Reza Publications, 1384AD), 106.
Jalal Al-Ahmad, Illegal Mourning, Trans: Al-Tanziya, (Bushehr: Nashir Darya, 1371AD), 27, 37.
Saadiq Ali Gul, Fan-e Tarīkh Nawīsi (Lahore: Nashir Iftikhar Ahmed, 2002), 12,35.
Chauhdary Muhammad Ali, Kuliyaat-e Chauhadry Muhammad Ali, vol.2 (Delhi: Qoumi Counsil Bara-e-Farogh-e-Urdu Zaban, 2005), 76.
Syed Qutab,Jadah wa Manzil, Excerpt from the life of Syed Qutb from the pen of the translator (Lahore: islamic Publications, 2018), 44.
Magazine Maktab Islam.
Mohammad Ibrahim, Ayati, Majmoa’ye Athar-e Ashurai Mohammad Ibrahim Ayati, research of Seyyed Abdullah Hosseini (Qom: Dar al-Irfan, 2013(, 29.
Muhammad Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqat Al-Kubra, Translated By Imam Al-Husain From Tabaqat Ibn Sa'du Tahaqiq Abdul Aziz Tabatabai (Qom: Al-Bayt Foundation, 1995), 21 to 25; Tabarani, Abu Al-Qasim Salman Ibn Ahmad, Tabarani, Muqtil Al-Hussein (a.s), Muhammad Shuja Zaifullah (Kuwait: Dar Al-Awrad, 1412Ah), 43 to 50.
Abu Ja'far Muhammad b۔ Jarir, Tabari, Tarikh Al-Umum wa Al-Malūk, Taqiq Muhammad Abu Al-Fadl Ibrahim, vol.5 (Berut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Alamiya. Sn), 339 to 351.
Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, 353.
Ibid. 357.
Ibid. 394.
Ibid. 496.
Ibid. 427.
Ibid. 386; Sheikh Mufīd Muhammad b. Nau’man, Al-IrshĀd, vol. 2 (Berut: Dar-ul-Mufeed, 1993), 67, 68.
Ibid. 403,404.
Ibn Atham, Ahmad, Al-Fatuh, Research: Ali Sherry, vol. 5 (Berut: Dar Al-Adwa', 1411AH), 19.
Muhammad Hussain Najafi, Saa’dat Al-Darain Fi Muqtal Al-Hussein (A.S) (Islamabad: Islamic Book Center, 2004), 19.
Ibrahim Ayati, Tarikh Piambar Islam.
Ayati, Majmova e aasar e ashurai, 39.
Hashemi Nejad Abdul Karim, Darasi keh Hussain(A.S) Bay Insanha Amokth )Tehran: Published By Shahid, 1380AD), Muqadma Kitab.
Saleyhi Najaf Abaadi, Naimatullah, Shahīd-e Jawaid )Tehran, Umeed-e-Farda 1387AD), Muqadma Kitab Shaheed-e-Jawaid..
Hameed Inayat, Andeesha-e Siyasi dar Islam Islam-e-Mua’sir, Translated by Baha-ud-Din Khurram Shahi) Tehran: Khua Razmi Publishers, 1365AD), 325.
Isfandyari, Kitāb Shanasi-e Taarīkhi Imam Hussain(AS), 181.
Mahdi Murtazawi, Jawab OraKitab ou muqadma Kitab, (Qom: Allama Publications, 1350AD), Muqadma Kitab.
Lotfi, Mujtaba, Shokran Andisheh )Tehran, Kawair Publications, 1395AD), 200.
Safi Gulpaighani, Lutf Ullah, Shahīd-e Agāh (Tehran: Kitāb Khana-e-Sadr, 1391AD), 25.
Muhammad Hussain, Tabatabai, Rasala Ilm-e Imam (Berut: Dar Al-Hijjah Al-Bayda, 1421AH), 5.
Syed Ja’far, Shahīdi, Qayam-e-Hussain (A.S) (Tehran: Daftar-e-Nashr-e-Farhang-e-Islami, 1388AD), 10.
