اصول فلسفہ و روش رئالیسم " - چند صفحات کا مطالعہ 5

Study of a few Pages from: “The Principles of Philosophy and the Methodology of Realism” (5)

Abstract

The article in question is the 5^th part of a series of discussions consisting of a study of Allama Tabataba'i's book "Usul Falsafa wa Rowish-e Realism"; adorned with explanatory notes by Professor Murtaza Motahari. In this article, in the light of the words of Allama Tabataba'i and Professor Martyr Murtaza Motahari, first of all, the background history of an ancient Greek school of thought, i.e. Sophism, and its proponents have been examined. In the next phase, the intellectual, philosophical schools of thought like skepticism and then idealism are highlighted.  After highlighting the fundamental differences between the ancient and modern traditions of the philosophical school of idealism, this paper debunks the fallacy of modern materialists regarding idealism.

In the next phase, realism is introduced in contrast to sophism, skepticism and idealism. In this part of the paper, it has been examined how Allama Tabatabai and Martyr Ustad Murtaza Motahari have established proof of human nature and naturalism in the affirmation of realism. Also, the arguments of Berkeley and Schopenhauer, among the leaders of idealism, have been demystified. At the end of the paper, a fundamental principle of philosophy, i.e. the principle of non-contradiction, is explained.